Unknown carcinogenic risk of cancer involves exposure to an agent that is a probable carcinogen or may be carcinogenic. There is greater uncertainty because of the method of exposure.
Medical management involving blood transfusion bags and similar devices
|
Situation
|
Medical management involving blood transfusion bags and similar devices
|
|
Exposure
|
Persons subject receiving blood or similar products
|
|
Presumed carcinogen
|
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
|
|
Principal route of exposure
|
Systemic
|
|
Suspected target organ (or tumour type)
|
Not clear
|
|
Comment
|
No clear indication of risk despite evidence of exposure.
|
Occupational exposure to agents with inadequate evidence of carcinogenicity
|
Situation
|
Occupational exposure to agents with inadequate evidence of carcinogenicity
|
|
Exposure
|
Workers involved
|
|
Presumed carcinogen
|
Talc not containing asbestos
Gasoline exhausts
Atrazine
|
|
Principal route of exposure
|
Dermal & inhalation
Inhalation
Inhalation & dermal
|
|
Suspected target organ (or tumour type)
|
Lung
Lung
NHL or other sites
|
|
Comment
|
Listing of agents in this category is limited here to agents implicated in other environmental contexts
|
Consuming chlorinated drinking water
|
Situation
|
Consuming chlorinated drinking water
|
|
Exposure
|
Whole population
|
|
Presumed carcinogen
|
Chlorinated drinking water
Dichloroacetic acid
Chloroform
Other products
|
|
Principal route of exposure
|
Ingestion
|
|
Suspected target organ (or tumour type)
|
Urinary bladder, colo-rectum and some other sites investigated
|
|
Comment
|
Unequivocal evidence of the benefit of chlorination must be considered.
|
Hazard presented by cell (mobile) phones
|
Situation
|
Hazard presented by cell (mobile) phones
|
|
Exposure
|
Cell (mobile) phone users
|
|
Presumed carcinogen
|
Electromagnetic fields
|
|
Principal route of exposure
|
Irradiation
|
|
Suspected target organ (or tumour type)
|
Brain
|
|
Comment
|
Risk associated with long term use remains to be established
|
Consuming aspartame
|
Situation
|
Consuming aspartame
|
|
Exposure
|
Consumers of relevant foodstuffs
|
|
Presumed carcinogen
|
Aspartame
|
|
Principal route of exposure
|
Oral
|
|
Suspected target organ (or tumour type)
|
Bladder or other sites
|
|
Comment
|
Despite negative epidemiogy, fetal exposure may be a risk
|
Environmental exposure to atrazine
|
Situation
|
Environmental exposure to atrazine
|
|
Exposure
|
Women living in certain regions
|
|
Presumed carcinogen
|
Atrazine
|
|
Principal route of exposure
|
Oral, inhalation
|
|
Suspected target organ (or tumour type)
|
Breast
|
|
Comment
|
Widespread exposure
|
Non-occupational exposure to solvents
|
Situation
|
Non-occupational exposure to solvents
|
|
Exposure
|
Persons variously using solvents
|
|
Presumed carcinogen
|
Multiple agents
|
|
Principal route of exposure
|
Inhalation
|
|
Suspected target organ (or tumour type)
|
NHL
|
|
Comment
|
Limited number of specific studies
|
Agent in non-stick cookware and breathable all-weather clothing
|
Situation
|
Agent in non-stick cookware and breathable all-weather clothing
|
|
Exposure
|
Relevant consumers
|
|
Presumed carcinogen
|
Perfluorooctanoic acid
|
|
Principal route of exposure
|
Ingestion
|
|
Suspected target organ (or tumour type)
|
Not clear
|
|
Comment
|
Concern addresses multiple possible adverse effects apart from cancer.
|
Environmental pollutants, including xenoestrogens, increasing risk of breast cancer
|
Situation
|
Environmental pollutants, including xenoestrogens, increasing risk of breast cancer
|
|
Exposure
|
Women in whole population
|
|
Presumed carcinogen
|
Various insecticides and pollutants
|
|
Principal route of exposure
|
Presumably inhalation; priority exposure not established
|
|
Suspected target organ (or tumour type)
|
Breast and other sites
|
|
Comment
|
Available data do not allow discrimination between multiple agents to indicate greatest harm.
|
Use of irritant cosmetics
|
Situation
|
Use of irritant cosmetics
|
|
Exposure
|
Women who use the product
|
|
Presumed carcinogen
|
Sodium lauryl sulfate
|
|
Principal route of exposure
|
Dermal
|
|
Suspected target organ (or tumour type)
|
Not clear
|
|
Comment
|
No clear indication of risk.
|
Food additives
|
Situation
|
Food additives
|
|
Exposure
|
Whole population
|
|
Presumed carcinogen
|
Many compounds including alitame, sodium carboxy-methyl cellulose, nitrite
|
|
Principal route of exposure
|
Ingestion
|
|
Suspected target organ (or tumour type)
|
Not clear but presumed to include colo-rectum
|
|
Comment
|
Review of the data indicates little increased insight of late although issue has been addressed for decades.
|
Using products containing Bisphenol A
|
Situation
|
Using products containing Bisphenol A
|
|
Exposure
|
Entire community in light of the wide range of consumer products
|
|
Presumed carcinogen
|
2,2-bis(4-hydroxy-phenyl)propane
|
|
Principal route of exposure
|
Ingestion and possibly other routes
|
|
Suspected target organ (or tumour type)
|
Not clear
|
|
Comment
|
Inference of hazard from studies of spontaneous abortion and prostate cancer relapse
|
This information is based on peer review research published in the journal: B.W. Stewart, Banding carcinogenic risks in developed countries: A procedural basis for qualitative assessment, Mutat. Res.: Rev. Mutat. Res. (2008), doi:10.1016/j.mrrev.2007.11.007.